Note: This article relates to the deployment of the Static Resources type.

Guides to deploying other binary data types are in the following places:

Static Resources represent a file resource that can be used in Visualforce markup, including archives (such as .zip and .jar files), images, stylesheets, JavaScript, and other files. You can package a collection of related files into a directory hierarchy and upload that hierarchy as a .zip or .jar archive (Setup -> Static Resources):

Deployment of Static Resources is supported through both the data deployment route or through metadata compare and deploy.

You can use either tool, whichever best suits your use case.